Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are spheroid and ellipsoid lipid bilayers that contain carbohydrates, RNA, DNA, and proteins within the EV and on its surface. These EVs also almost always contain transmembrane proteins and cholesterol.

The abundance of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in all human biofluids, conserved-ness of its cargo and transmembrane biomolecules, and the uniqueness of the cargo to its origin cell drastically boost any EV-centric assay's sensitivity and specificity.